Irène Joliot-Curie (Curie)
Irène Joliot-Curie nama keluarga saat gadis Curie (12 September 1897 – 17 Maret 1956) ialah ilmuwati Prancis, putri Marie dan Pierre Curie dan istri Jean Frederic Joliot-Curie.
Irène Joliot-Curie
Ia belajar di fakultas sains di Sorbonne namun pendidikannya terputus oleh PD I selama ia menjabat sebagai radiografer perawat. Setelah perang, ia menerima gelar doktornya dalam sains, mengerjakan tesis pada sinar alfa polonium.
Pada tahun 1926 ia menikah dengan Jean Frédéric Joliot (kedua pengantin menghubungkan kedua nama belakangnya) dan berkolaborasi pada radioaktiovitas alami dan buatan, transmutasi unsur, dan fisika nuklir. Pada tahun 1935 menerima Hadiah Nobel Kimia. Pada tahun 1938 risetnya pada aksi neutron pada unsur berat, merupakan langkah penting dalam penemuan fisi nuklir. Ia menjadi guru besar Fakultas Sains di Paris pada 1937, dan pada 1946 Direktur Institut Radium.
Merupakan aktivis perdamaian, ia mengambil perhatian tekun dalam hak wanita, menjadi anggota Comité National de l'Union des Femmes Françaises dan pada Dewan Perdamaian Dunia. Ia merupakan Ketua Fisika Nuklir di Sorbonne, dan pada 1936 pemerintah Prancis mengangkatnya sebagai Menteri Muda Negara untuk Riset Ilmiah dan akhirnya ia terpilih sebagai Petugas Legion of Honour. Jean Frédéric dan Irene Joliot-Curie mempunyai satu anak perempuan, bernama Helene, dan satu anak laki-laki bernama Pierre. Irene Joliot-Curie meninggal akibat leukemia yang diidap selama kerjanya.
Born in 1897 : Irène Joliot-Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956) was a pioneering French scientist, continuing the legacy of her famous parents, Marie and Pierre Curie, who were instrumental in the discovery of radioactivity. Irène grew up immersed in the scientific world and was encouraged by her mother to pursue a career in science. After studying physics and chemistry at the University of Paris, she worked as her mother's assistant at the Radium Institute. Irène's early career was interrupted by World War I, during which she served as a radiographer on the front lines, using X-ray technology to help treat wounded soldiers. This experience further fueled her interest in the practical applications of science.
After the war, Irène continued her research in radioactivity and formed a partnership with her husband, Frédéric Joliot, whom she married in 1926. The two began collaborating on experiments in nuclear physics, studying the structure of the atom and radiation phenomena. Their groundbreaking work led to the discovery of artificial radioactivity in 1934. By bombarding stable elements such as boron and aluminum with alpha particles, they were able to create radioactive isotopes of elements that did not naturally occur as radioactive. This discovery had enormous implications for both scientific research and medical applications, providing new tools for studying atomic structure and treating diseases like cancer through radiation therapy.
In recognition of their discovery of artificial radioactivity, Irène and Frédéric were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. This achievement marked a major milestone in nuclear physics, opening the door to the development of particle accelerators and the study of nuclear reactions. Their work also laid the foundation for advancements in nuclear energy, including the development of nuclear reactors and atomic bombs during World War II.
📷: Photographed by James Stokley, courtesy of Smithsonian Institution Archives
Artikel POINT Consultant
